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- Forward and backward mapping:
What is your understanding of forward and backward mapping? Which, in your view, is a better approach to policy implementation?
According to me, forward mapping is a typology of policy implementation, where the decisions are taken by top-level authorities and are directed by them to the lower levels. It is a top-down approach where higher authorities design policies, and the policy is implemented among the public by street-level bureaucrats. Forward mapping often brings a gap in policy implementation, as the policies are not designed after understanding the unmet needs of the public (Imperial, 2021). However, backward mapping on the other hand refers to a bottom-up approach, where designs are taken and policies are designed by considering the unique needs of the public and low-level authorities such as the street-level policy implementers are involved in program designing, policy making and decision making. It initiates the process of policy design and implementation by first considering the end level (users of policy/ services), and the main problem and then proceeds towards the examination of possible actions of institutions for problem-solving purposes (Pülzl & Treib, 2017).
Solution
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How a Bottom-Up Approach Can Improve Policy Implementation: Student Insights
How a Bottom-Up Approach Can Improve Policy Implementation: Student Insights
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